Clinical and economic benefits of seasonal COVID-19 vaccination in Germany: results from the ROUTINE COV19 Study, September 2022 to March 2024
Background:Vaccinations against COVID-19 were integrated into routine care in Germany in April 2023. However, evidence of the impact of seasonal vaccina tion remains limited. Aim: To assess the clinical and economic impact of COVID-19 vaccination in routine care during the early SARS-CoV-2-endemic phase in Germany.
Methods:A retrospective cohort study using statutory health insurance data from two German federal states (Saxony and Thuringia), covering over 3 million indi viduals, was conducted. Adults aged ≥ 18 years vacci nated against COVID-19 between 1 September and 30 November 2023 were matched 1:1 with unvaccinated individuals using propensity scores. Outcomes during the 4-month follow-up included occurrence of SARS CoV-2 infection, long COVID, other respiratory infec tions, hospitalisations, mortality, healthcare costs and indirect costs caused by sick leave. Rate and hazard ratios (RR, HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses tested robustness.
Results: A total of 146,132 individuals (73,066 per group) were matched. COVID-19 vaccination was asso ciated with reduced rates of long COVID (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26–0.70), respiratory infections (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87–0.95) and COVID-19-related hospitali sations (RR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.31–0.54). All-cause mor tality was 25% lower among COVID-19-vaccinated individuals (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.70–0.82). Healthcare costs were lower in the vaccinated cohort, particularly for inpatient care, e.g. EUR 1 million savings in COVID 19-related hospitalisations. Indirect costs caused by sick leave were also reduced by EUR 1.3 million. Conclusion: Seasonal COVID-19 vaccinations in rou tine care settings were associated with substantial clinical and economic benefits. These real-world find ings support continued implementation of national immunisation recommendations during the endemic phase of SARS-CoV-2 circulation.